Pump and Compressor

Air Compressor

What is Air Compressor?

When we listen the word compressor, simply we can understand that compressor compresses something. In this problem, compressor compresses the air. An air compressor is a device which converts the mechanical or electrical energy into pressure energy.

How Compressor Works?

When a cold air comes inside the compressor, the compressor compresses the air. So the temperature of the air is increase. The increased temperature air is used in engine for giving the primary heating. These compressors are use in cold region where engine can not start easily. So in that kind of region we need a compressor for heating.

Pump

What is Pump?

Pump is a mechanical device using suction or pressure to raise or move liquids, compress gases, or force air into inflatable objects such as tyres.

Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps.

Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis.

Types of Pump

Positive Displacement Pump

A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe.

Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant through each cycle of operation.

Positive Displacement Type

·         Rotary-type positive displacement: internal gear, screw, shuttle block, flexible vane or sliding vane, circumferential piston, flexible impeller, helical twisted roots (e.g. the Wendelkolben pump) or liquid ring vacuum pumps

·         Reciprocating-type positive displacement: piston or diaphragm pumps

·         Linear-type positive displacement: rope pumps and chain pumps

Rotary positive Displacement Pump

Positive displacement rotary pumps move fluid using a rotating mechanism that creates a vacuum that captures and draws in the liquid[citation needed].

Advantages: Rotary pumps are very efficient[citation needed] because they naturally remove air from the lines, eliminating the need to bleed the air from the lines manually.

Drawbacks: The nature of the pump demands very close clearances between the rotating pump and the outer edge, making it rotate at a slow, steady speed. If rotary pumps are operated at high speeds, the fluids cause erosion, which eventually causes enlarged clearances that liquid can pass through, which reduces efficiency.

Rotary positive displacement pumps fall into three main types:

·         Gear pumps - a simple type of rotary pump where the liquid is pushed between two gears

·         Screw pumps - the shape of the internals of this pump is usually two screws turning against each other to pump the liquid

·         Rotary vane pumps - similar to scroll compressors, these have a cylindrical rotor encased in a similarly shaped housing. As the rotor orbits, the vanes trap fluid between the rotor and the casing, drawing the fluid through the pump.

Reciprocating positive Displacement Pump

Reciprocating pumps move the fluid using one or more oscillating pistons, plungers, or membranes (diaphragms), while valves restrict fluid motion to the desired direction.

Typical reciprocating pumps are:

·         Plunger pumps - a reciprocating plunger pushes the fluid through one or two open valves, closed by suction on the way back.

·         Diaphragm pumps - similar to plunger pumps, where the plunger pressurizes hydraulic oil which is used to flex a diaphragm in the pumping cylinder. Diaphragm valves are used to pump hazardous and toxic fluids.

·         Piston pumps displacement pumps - usually simple devices for pumping small amounts of liquid or gel manually. The common hand soap dispenser is such a pump.

·         Radial piston pumps

How clock is working?

Clock

What is clock?

A clock is an instrument which shows the time. The word clock is derived from Celtic words clagan and clocca which means “bell”. A clock is a machine which works on determined set of orders.

Simply, you all are familiar with the Clock. In our day to day life, we all habited with the clock.  Now a day, we use digital clock on behalf of analog clock. Analog clock also we use as per our requirement.

How clock is working?

In our day to day life, we use clock but we don’t that how clock is working? All oscillating clock, mechanical clock, digital and analog clocks are works similarly and can be divided into analogous parts. They consists of a object which repeats the same motion over and over again, an oscillator, with a precisely constant time interval between each repetition, or “beat”. Attached to the oscillator the controller device,  Which sustain the oscillator motion by replacing the energy to it loses to friction. Oscillation done by oscillator is converts into series of pulse. The pulse are then counted by some of counters, and number count then converted into units, hours, minutes, seconds etc.

Different kinds of clocks are working differently. Mean their operating principle is same but their working types are different… 

What is Simple Machines?

Simple Machines

What is simple machine?

Here you all think that what is simple machine. The machines which are simple in construction that kind of machine are known as simple machines. A simple machine is a mechanical devices that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. This kinds of machines are use mechanical advantage for multiplying force.

How simple machines are works?

The simple machines are works on the principal of forces. A simple machine uses a single applied force to do work. If we ignore the friction losses, then applied forces to simple machine is equal to output forces. That means we get 100% output of input. So, mechanical efficiency of simple machine we get 100%. But in actual life problem it can not possible. The ratio of output forces to input forces known as mechanical efficiency of the machine. In above case we get mechanical efficiency 100%. The machine can increase output force, at the cost of proportional decrease in distance moved by load.

For example: lever, pulley, wheel and Axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw etc.

About Machine

Machine

What is Machine?

Machine is a tool containing one or more parts that uses energy to perform intended action. In simple language we can say that machine is a tool which simple our daily works. In our daily life everywhere we use machines for completing our works. For example, if we want to go office than we use car, bus, bike so many vehicles. So we are all connected with machines.

Machines are mostly powered by mechanical, chemical, thermal resources. A simple machines that simply transforms direction or magnitude of forces. But large numbers of complex machines are also exist.

Types of Machines

v  Simple Machines

1.       Inclined plane

2.       Wheel and axle

3.       Lever

4.       Pulley

5.       Wedge

6.       Screw

§  Mechanical component

1.       Axle

2.       Bearings

3.       Belts

4.       Buckets

5.       Fastener

6.       Gear

7.       Key

8.       Link chain

9.       Rack and pinion

10.   Roller chains

11.   Rope

12.   Seals

13.   Spring

14.   Wheel

v  Clock

1.       Atomic clock

2.       Watch

3.       Pendulum clock

4.       Quarts clock

v  Compressors and Pumps

1.       Archimedes screw

2.       Educator –jet pump

3.       Hydraulic ram

4.       Pump

5.       Trompe

6.       Vacuum pump

v  Heat engines

·         External combustion engine

1.       Steam engine

2.       Stirling engine

·         Internal combustion engine

1.       Reciprocating engine

2.       Gas turbine

v   Heat pumps

1.       Absorption refrigerator

2.       Thermoelectric refrigerator

3.       Regenerative cooling

v  linkages

1.       Pantograph

2.       Cam

3.       Peacellier-Lipkin

v  Turbine

1.       Gas turbine

2.       Jet turbine

3.       Steam turbine

4.       Water turbine

5.       Wind generator

6.       Windmill

v  Aerofoil

1.       Sail

2.       Wind

3.       Rudder

4.       Flap

5.       Propeller

v  Electronic device

1.       Vacuum tube

2.       Transistor

3.       Diode

4.       Resistor

5.       Capacitor

6.       Inductor

7.       Memristor

8.       Semiconductor

9.       Computer

v  Robots

1.       Actuator

2.       Servo

3.       Servomechanism

4.       Stepper motor

5.       Computer

v  Miscellaneous

1.       Vending machine

2.       Wind tunnel

3.       Check weighing machines

4.       Riveting machines

Mechanical

The word mechanical refers to a work that is produced by machines or machinery. It is mostly refers to machine tools and related to its application in science.

Simple Machine

We can understand from the word that what is simple machine? Simple machine means machine which is not contain complex structure. Simple machine consist only simple structure. For example: Screw, Lever, pulley etc…

Engine

An engine or motor is designed to convert energy into useful works. We can easy convert energy into do our work. There are so many engines which are I have discussed above.

Electrical machine

  These kinds of machines are operating trough electricity. They convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or vice versa.

These all machines we use in our daily life. They are use to everywhere. Without machines we can‘t able to our work instantly…

The Internet

The Internet

The internet began in 1969 as ARPANET, method to link computer for data sharing developed by the department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). The development of the World Wide Web began in 1989 as a project by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee. In 1994, not long after the birth of the web, only 11 million people were online. By 2014.billions of people were on the internet [source: Berkman, Pew Internet Research Project]. With high broadband connections at home and cellular data on a lot of our phones, many people are essentially always online.

The internet has made most of the previously mentioned disruptions possible and then some. We access vast amount of knowledge from internet. We do our every works through internet. In these days, we do our all works on internet. Most of the people from all over the world are online because they doing their work on internet and many more. Internet has made our life so easy as possible.

Internet brings nearer the all over world. On internet we can purchase anything from all over the world because of development of e-commerce websites. They bring all shop nearer to the every single person. We can see our desired product on online retailer websites after order it we order and that comes to our home. So this kind of website has made easy our works. We have not needs to go shop for shopping we all do it on internet. We can pay our utility bill on internet. For paying our bills we use financial institution websites. The percentage of bill paying by traditional mail dropped below 50 percent below in 2010, according to the US postal service.

On social media websites, we can send messages, do video chatting etc we are all doing it in a simple and easy way. We can send important information via email etc.

The internet has transformed the way of advertising. So many people are doing advertisement of their business on internet. So internet has made easy the way of advertising. We read news on internet without subscribing offline news paper.  We do many things on internet. We are doing uncountable things on internet.

So internet has disruptive all technology. In next few years we are all doing our works on internet. At this point, there’s no limit to the possibilities that the internet will bring in future.

10 Disruptive Technology we use in our daily life

10 Disruptive Technology which we use daily

There are 10 disruptive technology which we use daily routine. Before We knowing about it, first we know that what is disruptive technology?

What is disruptive technology?

A disrupt technology is an innovation that uproots an established technology, or revolutionary product or service that spawns a new industry. [Source:Whatls.com]

Disruptive technology sometimes described as being simultaneously destructive and creative because they make old product- and sometimes even entire industries – obsolete, creating new one in their place. [Source: Christensen, Howard]

Disruptive technology have power to change the way of thinking, living, working and many more. In Simple language we can say that disruptive technology is create something new from old research.

For Example: The car disrupted horse and carriage industries. Small personal computer gives you a high computing power. Smart phones cover all world with its disruptive technology. PCs are replaced by laptop. These all are examples of disruptive technology.

As recently as few years ago, that scenario may have sounded like something from an Epcot center “World of the future” exhibits. But today, every one of these technologies either exist or becoming a reality, with new companies and industries springing up.

In our daily life we use 10 disruptive technologies. Those are listed below…

1.       The Internet

2.       Cloud Computing

3.       Wearable Fitness Devices

4.       Self-Check Out Stations

5.       Mobile Payment Option

6.       Smart Mobile Devices

7.       E-Reader and E-Reader Apps

8.       Streaming Media Services

9.       Social Media

10.   E-Mail

We will see them one by one in my next blog…

How Light Bulb Works

Structure of the Light Bulb

Light bulb have a very simple structure. At the base, they have two metal contacts, which connect to the end of electrical circuit. The metal contacts are attached to two stiff wires. These wires are attached to thin wire metal filament. The filament sits in the middle of the bulb. It is held up by a glass mount. The wires and filaments are housed in the glass bulb, which is filled with a gas, such as argon.

Now when bulb is hooked up to power supply, the electric current is flow from one end to another end. During this process the electron which are live in the filament are become excited. In this situation high energy electrons which are in outer orbit of the atoms are become excited. Electron in the solid conductor is the mass movement of the free electrons from negatively charged area to positively charge area.

The electrons are bumping in to the atoms that make up the filament. Here current heats up the filament. Thinner conductor more easily heats than thicker conductor. Because it is more resistance to the movement of electrons.

Bounds electron in the vibrating atoms may be boosted temporally to a higher energy level. When they fall back to their normal levels, they release the energy in form of photons. Metal atoms release mostly infrared light photons, which are invisible to the human eye. But if are they heated to a high enough level (around 4000 degrees) they will emits good deal of light.

The filament of a light bulb is made of tungsten metal. The metal is arranged in a double coil in order to fit in a small space. The filament is wound to make one coil, and this coil is wound to make a larger coil.

Tungsten is used in all incandescent light bulbs because it is a ideal material…  

     

How Bulb is working?

Basic Principle of working Bulb

Before the invention of light bulb, illuminating the world after the Sun went down was a messy, hazardous task. It took a bunch of candles or torches to fully light up a good sized room. There is also we using the oil lamp for getting the enough light. When the science of electricity really got going in the mid 1800s, inventers everywhere were clamoring to device a practical, affordable electrical home lighting device. In 1878 and 1879, English man Sir Joseph Swan and American Thomas Edison both has done experiments and they have searched the Bulb. Within 25 years millions of people around the world had installed the light in their homes.

The amazing thing about this historical turn of events is that the light bulb itself could hardly be simpler. The model light bulb, which has not drastically since Edison’s model, is made of only a handful of parts. In this article we will see how light bulb is working.

Basic Process of Light emitting sources

Simply, we know that light is a form of energy. It can be released by the atoms which live in the elements. The light is made up of small particles called photons. This photon has momentum and energy but not has mass. This is the best unit of light.

Here Atoms releases the light photons when electron becomes excited. Electrons are negatively charged particles which are move around the nucleus. An atom Electron has different levels of energy. The energy level of Electron depends upon the several factors, speed and distance from the atom. Electrons of different energy level occupy different orbital level. Generally, high energy electron live far from the nucleus and low energy electron live nearer to the nucleus. When something passes energy on the atom, these electrons becomes excited. These excited electrons may be temporally boosted to a higher orbital. But this excitement of electron is not live longer. The electron holds this position for a tiny fraction of seconds. After this time, the electron comes back to its original state. When it comes back to its original state, it releases energy in form of photons. In some cases it releases the light photons.

The wavelength of emitted light is depends on the energy release by the electrons. Consequently, the different sort of atom release different sort of light photon. In other word we can say that, the color of light is determined by what kind of atom is excited.     

This is the basic mechanism of all light emitting sources. The main difference between these sources is the process of exciting the atoms.
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About Sun...

Sun

If you believe the whole staring at the sun makes you go blind thing, you are probably not doing a whole lot of sun gazing. But it’s a real marvel. The sun warms our planet every day, provides light by which we see and it is necessary for whole life on the Earth. It can also cause cell death and make us blind. It could fit 1.3 millions Earth inside its sphere. It has as much energy as 1 trillion megaton bombs every second. So you can guess that how much energy it has.  

Sun is nothing but it is a just star, by universal standard. It’s really just proximity that makes it so special on Earth. Without Sun our life can’t be exist.

There are some questions will arise in your mind, like…

·         How close is the sun?

·         How much space it take to hold 1.3 million Earths?

·         How does it burn?

·         Why does Sun send out solar flares?

·         Will the Sun ever stop burning?

·         If yes, then When?

·         And What will happen to Earth and its inhabitants?

In this blog we will look around all above questions.

The Sun has burned for more than 4.5 billion years. Its massive collection of gas are mostly Hydrogen and Helium. It has immense gravity and enough gravitational force to hold Hydrogen and Helium together. Here we says that Sun burns, but it doesn’t burn like wood. Instead the Sun is gigantic nuclear reactor.

The Sun is a star, just like a other stars we see at night. The main difference is light year. Light year is unit of measurement for very far distances. It is distance that light travel in year. Our Sun is only 8 light minutes away from Earth.

The Parts of the Sun

The Sun is classified as a G2 type star. Based on its temperature and wavelengths or spectrum of lights that emits. There are so many G2s out there.

The sun is composed ofgas. It has no solid surface. It still has defined structure. The tree major areas of the sun are listed below:

1.       Core: The center of the sun comprising 25% of its radius.

2.       Radiative Zone: The section immediately surrounding the core, comprising 45% of its radius.

3.       Convective Zone: The outer most ring of the sun, comprising 30% of its radius.

The atmosphere of the sun is divided in three parts:

v  Photosphere: The innermost part of the sun. This is part only we can see.

v  Chromosphere: The area between photosphere and corona. It is hotter than photosphere.

v  Corona: The extremely hot outmost layer, extending outward several million miles from chromosphere.

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

What is Periodic Table?

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of its atomic number, electron configurations and recurring chemical properties.

In simple language, the periodic table is arrangement of elements according to their atomic number. The periodic table is also known as Mendeleev table. Because, it was created by Dmitri Mendeleev. 

The rows of tables are called periods and columns are called groups. The table can be used to derive relationship between the properties of the elements and predict the properties of new, yet to be discovered or synthesized, elements. As a result, periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior and many more. So table is widely used in Chemistry and other Sciences.

The standard form of table is consists of a grid of elements laid out in 18 column and 7 rows, with a double row elements below that. The table also divided in four regular blocks: s-block to the left, p-block to the right, the d-block in the middle and f-block below that.

About Science and Technology

What is science?

When we listen a word Science, There are so many pictures come in our mind. A fate textbook, white lab coats and microphones, an astronomer peering through a telescope, a naturalist in rainforest, Einstein’s equation scribbled on a chalkboard, the launch of a space shuttle, bubbling beakers etc. All of those images reflect some aspect of science, but none of them provide a full picture because science has so many facets.

The word science comes from Latin word “scientia”, means knowledge. Science is a way of discovering what's in the universe and how those things work today, how they worked in the past, and how they are likely to work in the future.

Branches of Science

Science is commonly divided in three major groups.

v  Natural Science

    Ø  Physical Science

§  Physics

§  Chemistry

§  Earth Science

·         Ecology

·         Oceanography

·         Meteorology

    Ø  Life Science

§  Biology

·         Zoology

·         Human Biology

·         Botany

v  Social Sciences

    Ø  Sociology

    Ø  Psychology

v  Formal Sciences

    Ø  Decision Theory

    Ø  Logic

    Ø  Mathematics

    Ø  Statistics

    Ø  System theory

    Ø  Theoretical Computer Science

Above are the major branches of science. The Natural Science is deal with natural phenomena including Fundamental forces and Biological life. The Formal Science is deal with Mathematics and Logics. Mathematics is the Queen of The Science. Mathematics is a Science which converts actual problem into Mathematical Formula. The Social Science deals with Human Behavior and Societies.

What is Technology?

The word Technology comes from Greek word “Techne”, means “Art, Skill, Cunning of hand”. Technology is a science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problem or invest useful tools. Now a day there are so many new technologies are come in the market. Read More about Technology at Wikipedia…  

Introduction - About my Blog

Hello Friends,

I have started my new blog name Science Talk. Now you all think that why i have put these name for my blog? then its answer is clear that i will posting some related to science and technology. My blog will introduce you about miracle of science. My blog will introduce you about scientific reason behind some natural problems and many more. I will try to write best and explain you better. I hope you will enjoy my posting...

Thank You